Diet early on may be a factor in the development of breast cancer later. The findings are important in light of the growing childhood obesity epidemic and the fact that girls are developing breasts at earlier ages. (Credit: Veer)
UC DAVIS (US) ? Diet and related factors early in life that are totally independent of the body?s production of the hormone estrogen can increase the risk for breast cancer, new research suggests.
The findings provide new insights into the processes that regulate normal breast development, which can impact the risk of developing breast cancer later in life, says Russ Hovey, associate professor of animal science at the University of California, Davis and senior author on the study.
?It?s long been assumed that circulating estrogens from the ovaries, which underlie normal female reproductive development, were crucial for the onset of breast growth and development. Our findings, however, suggest that diet and shifts in body metabolism that parallel changes seen during obesity and Type 2 diabetes can also stimulate breast growth entirely independent of estrogen?s effects.?
Published September 17 in the early edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study with mice used a diet supplemented with a form of the fatty acid known as 10, 12 conjugated linoleic acid or 10, 12 CLA, which mimics specific aspects of a broader metabolic syndrome.
In humans, this syndrome is linked to a broad array of changes associated with obesity that can increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
The 10, 12 CLA was added to the diet of the test group of mice because it is known to disrupt normal metabolic processes. In the new study, the supplement stimulated the mammary ducts to grow, despite the fact that the mice lacked estrogen.
The researchers demonstrated that the diet-induced breast development also increased the formation of mammary tumors in some of the mice. They ruled out a role for estrogen as the possible cause for how diet increased growth of the breast tissues by giving the supplement to male mice and to female mice in which the function of estrogen was blocked.
The research team also discovered that various mouse strains responded differently to the dietary supplement despite similar metabolic changes, suggesting that there may be a genetic component for how diet and related metabolic changes affect breast cancer risk in different populations, Hovey says.
Results from the study would likely have significant implications for better understanding human breast development before puberty and after menopause, when estrogens are less present.
?The findings of this study are particularly important when we superimpose them on data showing that girls are experiencing breast development at earlier ages, coincident with a growing epidemic of childhood obesity,? Hovey says.
Adam Lock, an assistant professor of dairy cattle nutrition at Michigan State University, was co-principal investigator with Hovey on the original Dairy Management Inc. grant that supported studies leading to the PNAS publication.
?The biology of conjugated linoleic acid fatty acids has stimulated much scientific and public interest over the last two decades,? Lock says. ?These recent findings will further our understanding of the biology of this specific CLA isomer and also further advance our understanding of the role of bioactive fatty acids in health maintenance and disease prevention.?
Researchers from the University of Vermont contributed to the study, which was supported in part by Dairy Management Inc., the UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Defense.
Source: University of California, Davis
Source: http://www.futurity.org/health-medicine/girls-diet-may-boost-breast-cancer-risk-later/
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